Leaning
Towards the Paleolithic
[Nyerges
is the author of “Self-Sufficient Home,” in which Mr. Struycken is featured in
one chapter. “Self-Sufficient Home” is available wherever books are sold, and
at www.ChristopherNyerges.com]
Carel
Struycken has long been interested in the principles in Permaculture not only
as it relates to growing fruits and vegetables but also in the perspective he
takes on most human activities.
Struycken,
who lives in Southern California, is an actor who played Lurch in the Addam’s
Family, as well as roles in Star Trek, Men in Black, Witches of Eastwick, and
others. He was born in Holland, and
grew up in Curacao in the Caribbean, and moved back to Holland at age 15. We met at his home to discuss home food
production and permaculture.
He shows me the Bible of Permaculture,
Bill Mollison’s “Permaculture: A Designers Manual” which details a way in which
we can grow food and live with the land in accord with nature’s
principles. (“Permaculture” is a coined
term meaning “permanent agriculture.”)
“The
whole idea of permaculture is to put in as little work as possible, and allow
nature to find its balance,” says Strucken, who produced all the vegetables for
a family of 5 for many years using these principles.
“I’m
also a big fan of Fukuoka, author of ‘The One Straw Revolution.’ If I had the time, I’d love to go to Japan
and work on his natural farm, and work there and learn about his methods,” says
Struycken.
Both
Mollison and Fukuoka are advocates of natural farming, which means planting
what is appropriate for the area, tilling as little as possible, letting all
the leaves and old plants serve as fertilizer for the new plants, and using
natural methods for bug control.
Using
permaculture methods, Struycken grew lots of Asian greens, mostly those members
of the mustard family that had the highest nutritional value. He grew herbs, tomatoes, yard-long beans,
and 14 fruit trees.
His
yard is terraced with cement rubble, pieces of old cement walkways that have
been neatly stacked to form impressive and long-lasting walls using a material
that is normally discarded. He also experimented with raised beds because the
soil in his garden area was so bad.
The smaller the plot, the
harder it is to practice permaculture methods. Still, Struycken never raked up
and discarded leaves. Under his avocado
tree, he allowed the leaves to accumulate into a thick layer of mulch. “The layer of avocado leaves is well over a
foot thick, and when you look into the bottom of the pile, it is all naturally
producing rich soil,” he explains.
All
the kitchen scraps are recycled in many compost heaps, and he worked at
cultivating the earthworms that naturally occurred in his yard so that they
would do the tilling that farmers ordinarily do.
“I didn’t go out and
purchase those redworms that many gardeners use, but rather I worked at
cultivating the natural earthworms and keeping them happy. Sometimes, I would use this device with long
tines that I would step on and it aerates the soil without actually tilling,”
he explains.
He
purchased ladybugs years ago since they eat the “bad” insects, and he found
that the ladybugs like the fennel plants. So the secret to keeping ladybugs
around is to grow fennel, explained Struycken.
Permaculture
does not involve raking away leaves or garden scraps, but using them for the
next generation of fertilizer. Although
Struycken has tried to produce all of his needed fertilizer from his own back
yard, he has found the need to occasionally bring in chicken and horse manure
for his crops. “I stopped using the
horse manure, though,” he says, “since I found that it produced too many
weeds.”
“I
was always amazed that I never had to do anything to my lettuce, and it was
always perfect. The ecosystem took care of itself,” explained Struycken. He said that though there were many spiders
and bugs in the garden, whatever bugs that ate his lettuce got eaten by some
other bug. This is one of the basic
principles of permaculture – that nature, largely left alone, will find its own
balance. In this case, rather than use
insecticides (which would kill all the bugs), mulching and providing a home for
all life forms means that the desirable bugs will deal with the undesirable
bugs, and Struycken will still have food.
Struycken
advises beginning gardeners to start small, and to select plants that are
appropriate to their environment. He
explains that there are sustainable agricultural communities throughout the
world which can be emulated. For
example, he gives the example of the traditional Hopi garden where the “three
sisters” are planted. Blue corn is
first planted, and then squash planted. The squash shades the ground so less
water is evaporated. Then after the corn is a foot or two tall, desert beans
are planted at the base of the corn. The corn serves as a pole for the beans,
and the beans add nitrogen to the soil via their roots.
Struycken,
who has been in the movie business for about 30 years, wants to do a series of
documentaries where he shows sustainable communities throughout the world so
that the principles can be preserved for others to learn from.
“The
Amish are the most successful sustainable farmers and they are using early 18th
Century technologies,” he says with a
smile.
Struycken
pauses to explain the difference between paleolithic and neolithic in order to
make a point.
“Humanoids
have been around for at least a million years,” he explains, “and modern humans
have been here maybe 500,000 years. The
paleolithics were the hunter/gatherers, and the neolithics were those who were
settled in one place and who began agriculture,” says Struycken.
“When
we settled, we had to make the effort to force ourselves into the new mindset,
but our true nature is paleolithic,” Struycken explains. He then shares a few comparisons to make his
point.
The paleolithics lived in
the here and now, they were more primitive by our standards, but they
controlled their populations, had fewer taboos and laws, had less possessions,
and managed to live on what the forest provided. He cites the Bushmen of the Kalahari as an example.
“Now, when you had
agricultural and cow-raising people who lived adjacent to the primitive people,
the Bushmen would rarely die of hunger, though the agricultural people would
die of hunger. This is because the agricultural people learned to rely on, and
expect, much more. When cattle died, due to drought, for example, the
agricultural people suffered far more than the Bushmen. The farmers also had to work a lot harder,
usually 7 days a week, whereas hunter/gatherers worked maybe 3 days a week.”
Struycken cites the Bushmen
and many others to illustrate that one of our “problems” is that we are so
advanced that we have lost our primal paleolithic nature. Today, systems for
gardening, farming, commerce, building, etc., are all essentially neolithic and
therefore unsustainable into the future, according to Struycken.
In this sense, Struycken
believes that the details of our very survival can be gleaned by looking to the
past at the details of sustainable
societies.
Struycken mentions a great essay
that he read, “Agriculture is the Engine of Destruction” by John Zurzon, as an
example of what’s wrong with the path our society is taking. Struycken is optimistic, idealistic, and
believes that the solution to our problems is to properly understand the living
principles of (so-called) primitive
peoples.